Not only among Belarusians, but also among Poles, emphasizing the common legacy and historical ties between the two nations. We draw attention to the concepts of national and ethnic identity, the rights and duties of a citizen, tolerance and coexistence. In our view, thanks to diversity, including national and cultural diversity, the state as a community of citizens can develop and build valuable social patterns. Intolerance and fear of otherness stem from ignorance, and are often the source of multi-generational trauma and ingrained distrust.